格网尺度下典型旅游城市生态服务价值估算和时空分异特征——以三亚为例

以典型旅游城市三亚市为案例地，利用2006-2018年4期Landsat遥感影像数据，借助ENVI、ArcGIS平台定量识别土地利用演变特征，在1km×1km格网尺度下估算旅游地生态系统服务价值，并结合空间探索性数据分析揭示生态系统服务价值时空分异特征及其与旅游地发展的时空耦合关系。结果表明：（1）2006-2018年间，三亚市生态系统服务价值总量呈逐年下降趋势，由6.73×10⁹元降至5.76×10⁹元，累计减少9.78×10⁸元；（2）空间格局上，三亚市呈"南低北高"空间分异格局，2006-2018年增值区域连片分布于崖州区、天涯区、吉阳区南部区域，且呈逐年减少趋势，减值区域集聚于天涯区东北部、海棠区；（3）空间集聚上，生态系统服务价值截面各年份均呈显著空间正相关且相关性先降后增。高高集聚区位于天涯区北部区域，低低集聚区分布于沿海、海湾地区；（4）旅游发展与生态系统服务价值时空演化特征关联性较强。三亚市天涯区北部林地生态环境良好，生态系统服务价值略有下降但绝对数值稳定，是生态系统服务价值主要来源；旅游发展较为迅速的三亚湾、崖州湾以及海棠湾，相对增值区域较多，但绝对生态系统服务价值损失显著，严重滞后于其他区域。     

下丘脑外侧区注射TRH对大鼠胃酸分泌的影响

本文采用连续收集胃腔灌流法,观察下丘脑外侧区(LHA)注射促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)对大鼠胃酸分泌的影响,并分析TRH在LHA促进胃酸分泌的作用机制。结果表明:(1)LHA注射TRH(1μg)明显地刺激胃酸分泌;(2)预先向LHA注射酚妥拉明(10μg)、美多心安(5μg)及胃泌素抗体1μl(1:640)并不影响TRH的泌酸作用,如预先向LHA注射阿托品(5μg)则可消除TRH的泌酸效应;(3)垂体摘除及肾上腺切除均不影响TRH的泌酸作用;(4)隔下迷走神经切断后,LHA注入TRH的泌酸效应仍然出现,但持续时间显著缩短;腹腔交感神经节摘除后,TRH仍能促进胃酸分泌,但分泌量少而平稳。以上结果提示:LHA是TRH中枢泌酸效应的有关结构之一,其中枢机制是通过胆碱能M受体中介的,腹腔交感神经节和膈下迷走神经是TRH泌酸效应的传出途径。前者引起的泌酸反应出现较早且引起泌酸高峰,但持续时间短;后者则引起低平的持续分泌。     

刺激大鼠下丘脑室旁核激活的中脑中央灰质神经元对躯体传入的反应

电刺激大鼠下丘脑室旁核(PVH),在同侧中脑中央灰质(CG)内寻找逆行及顺行反应单位,然后观察它们对躯体感觉刺激的反应。实验结果表明:CG 及邻近网状结构内有10%(32/318)的单位呈逆行反应。逆行传导速度平均为0.37±0.24m/s(均数±标准差);推测这种CG→PVH 投射纤维属于细有髓或无髓神经纤维。这些单位分布于 CG 的腹外侧及背外侧亚核。50%(14/28)的逆行单位对坐骨(胫)神经的强电刺激和夹尾等损伤性刺激起反应,但对触毛或低强度的神经干刺激无明显反应。以上结果表明:外周躯体感觉,特别是损伤性信息传入 PVH 时,CG 是其中枢驿站之一。电刺激 PVH 还能顺行激活7.55(24/318)、抑制0.7%(2/318)的 CG 单位。有69%(18/26)的顺行反应单位对外周躯体神经强电刺激及夹尾起反应。提示 PVH 可能通过影响 CG神经元的活动而参与中枢痛觉的整合。     

Differentiation of Extracutaneous Melanocytes in Embryos of the Turtle,Trionyx sinensis japonicus

The present study investigates the mode of differentiation of neural crest-derived melanocytes in the embryos of the soft-shell turtle, Trionyx sinensis japonicus. DOPA reaction-positive melanoblasts were first detected in 10-day-old embryos. Melanocyte differentiation in terms of pigmentation takes place from the day 16 of development. Melanin pigments were found in the dorsal integument as well as in various extracutaneous tissues such as skeletal muscle, dorsal aorta, peritoneum, blood vessels, choroid, lung, bone marrow, fat tissues and in the connective tissue of the nose. These results suggest the presence of a specific environmental regulation of the melanoblast differentiation in the soft-shell turtle.     

Turtle Lung Cells Produce a Melanization-Stimulating Activity That Promotes Melanocytic Differentiation of Avian Neural Crest Cells

We found previously that neural crest cells in turtle embryos migrated into the lung buds and melanocytes were located in the lungs. The finding suggested to us that the lungs provide a stimulatory factor(s) to the differentiation of neural crest cells into melanocytes. We have established lung cell lines to facilitate analysis of the interactions of neural crest cells with the environment in melanocyte development. One cell line, TLC-2, was found to produce a putative melanization-stimulating activity (MSA), which promoted the melanocyte differentiation in vitro of avian neural crest cells. The TLC-2-derived MSA was different from that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and steel factor (SLF). Its molecular weight was estimated to be within the range of 150 kD. Our findings suggest that MSA may be a novel factor exercising a positive control over melanocyte differentiation.     

Induction of Antibiotic Resistance in Paramecium tetraurelia by the Bacterial Gene APH-3'-II

We have generated a transformation marker for Paramecium using a Paramecium expression vector (pPXV) and the open reading frame (ORF) of the bacterial antibiotic resistance gene aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase-II (APH-3'-II or neo^r) from the transposon Tn5. The expression vector contained a small multiple cloning site between the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of the calmodulin gene, and Tetrahymena telomere sequences for the stability of the plasmid in Paramecium. After the neo^r ORF was inserted, the plasmid was referred to as pPXV-NEO. Delivery of approximately 10–20 picoliters of linearized PXV-NEO at > 2000 copies/pl into the macronucleus effected 100% transformation. Southern and Northern blot hybridization showed the presence of neo^r-specific DNA and RNA, respectively, in all of the transformed clones but not in the untransformed clones. The degree of resistance to G-418, and the concentrations of neo^r-specific DNA and neo^r-specific RNA in the clones were proportional to the concentration of the vector injected. We have demonstrated that when the linearized plasmid was injected into the macronucleus, the prokaryotic sequence conferred an antibiotic resistance to Paramecium despite codon-usage differences.     

白细胞介素对大鼠海马培养神经元膜电特性的影响

用细胞内微电极记录方法研究了重组人白细胞介素－１β（ｒｈＩＬ－１β）和重组人白细胞介素－２（ｒｈｉＬ－２）对分散培养的新生大鼠海马神经元膜电性质的影响。采用压力脉冲微量给药技术将白介素施加于所记录的细胞表面。结果发现：１００Ｕ／ｍｌ浓度的ｒｈＩＬ－１β使受作用的海马神经元超极化４．２０±１．８６ｍＶ;１００Ｕ／ｍｌ浓度的ｒｈＩＬ－２使５０％受作用的海马神经元去极化１１．１２±３．７１ｍＶ,并伴有强烈的自发放电反应,而１０００Ｕ／ｍｌ浓度的ｒｈＩＬ－２使１００％受作用的神经元超极化３．２５±０．６３ｍＶ,这些神经元的膜阻抗均无明显变化。本实验结果提示ｒｈＩＬ－１β和ｒｈＩＬ－２可显著影响体外培养海马神经元的膜兴奋性。     

γ射线诱发大鼠胚胎细胞转化与N－ras的激活

以γ射线诱发转化的大鼠胚胎细胞(REC:myc:γ33)的DNA构建粘粒基因库,用总基因库DNA转染NIH/3T3细胞,产生转化灶的DNA作二轮转染,二轮转化的NIH/3T3细胞内有大鼠REC:myc:γ33DNA中具转化活性的N-ras基因,用不对称PCR和DNA序列分析法证明,REC:myc:γ33细胞中鼠N-ras的活化是由于第61位密码子的A→G点突变.NIH/3T3转化灶中鼠N-ras也有同样点突变,但NIH/3T3细胞的内源性N-ras基因则无此突变.     

Dynamic changes of mechanically activated channels and K+ channels at injury site of peripheral nerve in rat

Ectopic ion channels developed locally at the injury site after nerve damage by light ligation around common sciatic nerve of the rats. Different channel types have different processes of formation, accumulation and degeneration. During the first three days after injury, mechanically activated channels that are modulated by Ca++ channel activities first appeared. As the nerve fibers begin to be excited by TEA, a blocker of K+ channels, suggesting that the accumulation of K+ channels, the responsibility of mechanically activated channels was declining. Onset of K+ channels was from the 3rd postoperative day and lasted up to the fiftieth day. This time course of K+ channel development was closely related to allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic animal behaviour. The results suggest that chronic contraction injury induces a dynamic change in the ectopic mechanically activated channels and K+ channels at the injury site of nerve and there is an interchange in the development time courses of the mechanic     

超氧化物歧化酶切割超螺旋DNA的活性

在体外系统中,发现超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)具有切割超螺旋DNA的活性. 猪血和牛血Cu/Zn-SOD以及烟草Mn-SOD都能将超螺旋DNA转变为非超螺旋结构的缺刻环状DNA,进一步产生线状DNA. 它们只作用于超螺旋DNA而不作用于线状DNA. 这个事实排除了SOD样品中污染核酸酶的可能性. 用H₂O₂、胍基抑制或蛋白酶降解的实验结果表明,这两种酶的活性中心处于酶蛋白的不同部位.